Diaphragm walls are commonly used in congested areas for retention systems and permanent foundation walls. They can be installed in close proximity to existing structures with minimal loss of support to existing foundations. In addition, construction dewatering is not required so there is no associated subsidence. Diaphragm walls have also been used as deep groundwater barriers through, and under, dams. In some applications, they are constructed from non-reinforced plastic concrete.  more >>>